Foundations Of HIV Prevention

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious issue. While numbers have decreased from inception, there has still been a steady increase in certain states. For instance, statistics show over 4,800 new infections in Texas every year since 2022. People living with HIV (PLWH) in Texas also increased by over 25% between 2012 and 2021. These figures are due to improved HIV care and longer lifespans of individuals with HIV. At the same time, HIV prevention is still a priority, particularly among youth and underserved communities. Preventing the spread of the disease is possible with a simple guide that consists of testing, awareness, and using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in high-risk cases.

Why HIV testing matters

Knowing one’s status is only possible through consistent HIV testing. The disease can only be confirmed through an accurate HIV test. Testing is important but many young adults avoid testing due to stigma concerns or a lack of information. Without testing, however, HIV prevention is nearly impossible. Testing helps individuals stay safe or inform others who may be exposed. Individuals have the choice of rapid antibody testing and at-home testing. These tests can show the initial presence of the disease in the body. An antigen test or nucleic acid tests (NATs) can give more concrete detection and diagnosis. Testing does not indicate how long an individual had the disease as symptoms can take months or even years to appear. Knowing one’s status can ensure others do not pass on the disease or encourage loved ones to get tested.

When and where to get tested

Teens and adults, young and old, should get tested at least once. Some individuals are at a higher risk of contracting the disease. Men who have sex with men (MSM), individuals with multiple sexual partners, and those who participate in risky sexual practices require more frequent testing. People who inject drugs (PWID) or those with other sexually transmitted infections (STI) are at a high risk. These groups should test at least once every 3-6 months. Clinics, hospitals, and other community stakeholders provide free testing as HIV prevention is a priority. If there has been recent high-risk exposure or HIV symptoms are present, get tested immediately.

It’s time for PrEP

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective tool in the fight against HIV. For high-risk individuals, PrEP is a valuable tool and should be used consistently. This drug significantly reduces the chances of acquiring the virus. PrEP works by preventing the virus from establishing a foothold in the body by placing effective antibodies in the body in advance. The medication can be taken daily or by a long-acting injectable every 2-3 months. PrEP can also be used on-demand, where the relevant doses are used before and after a high-risk interaction. The therapy has a 99% success rate in preventing HIV transmission from sex. At the same time, only 1 in 4 individuals who can actually benefit from PrEP use actually use the drug.

How PrEP protects

PrEP works by blocking critical enzymes that replicate to spread the virus and infect the body. Consistent doses of PrEP interfere with this process, disrupting the HIV life cycle and preventing more cells from becoming infected. PrEP must be used correctly and consistently for the best results. People who are at risk will see the most benefits. Individuals who engage in high-risk behaviors, MSM, and serodiscordant relationships are examples where PrEP use should take priority. PWID sees a 74% risk reduction using PrEP, making the drug a critical tool for these individuals.

Making HIV prevention a priority

HIV prevention should matter to everyone. Some states continue to struggle with the HIV epidemic. Diagnostic rates are stable while more people are living with the disease. As a result, staying informed and focusing on HIV prevention is essential. While some individuals have a higher risk of contracting the disease, everyone should get involved. Stay up to date on tests, especially in high-risk cases, and use PrEP accordingly. More importantly, become an advocate for HIV prevention. Share helpful information with friends, family, and community. Engage with others who are concerned about HIV infections. Encourage testing, support groups, and PrEP use. Following these simple steps can keep individuals safe and contribute to ending the epidemic.